- Stinging organs
- Stinger The stinger is composed of two barbed lancets that are connected to the venom sac; by pulling away from a stinging site the bee leaves her stinger, the venom sac and attached muscles in the stung individual's tissues, and subsequently, dies; the stinger continues to throb for 30 to 60 seconds, injecting additional venom and giving off alarm ordors for other bees; up to 100 µg of venom is injected per sting.
- Venom sac
- Venom Also, apitoxin; the bee venom is composed primarily of proteins; the active components include vasoactive and hemolytic substances such as mellitin, phospholipid A and hyaluronidase as well as small amounts of histamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine responsible for hypotension and tachycardia; 1.3 mg of the venom per kilogram of body weight (1000 stings or about 90 mg for an average adult) is considered to be a lethal dose.
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